Breast disease in the pregnant and lactating patient: radiological

Objective Substantial physiological changes occur during pregnancy and lactation, making breast evaluation challenging in these patients. This article reviews the imaging challenges of the breast during pregnancy and lactation. The normal imaging appearance, imaging protocols and the imaging features of each commonly encountered benign and malignant entity with pathological correlation and supporting examples is described. An awareness of the imaging features of the breast during these physiological states and of various benign and malignant diseases that occur permits optimal management. Conclusions Evaluation of the pregnant and lactating patients who present with a breast problem is challenging. Although ultrasound may characterise the finding in many cases, mammography and even MRI may have a role in the management of these patients. Teaching points • To review physiological changes of the breast during pregnancy and lactation • To review imaging protocols of the breast during pregnancy and lactation • Discuss imaging findings with pathological correlation of benign and malignant diseases in pregnancy and lactation • Discuss pathological correlation of imaging findings in pregnancy and lactation

Figure 11—37 from Breast imaging of the pregnant and lactating

Spectrum of Pregnancy- and Lactation-related Benign Breast

Radiologic Evaluation of Breast Disorders Related to Pregnancy and

Radiological evaluation of palpable breast masses during pregnancy

Pregnancy-Associated Breast Disease: Radiologic Features and

Figure 4 from Breast disorders in pregnant and lactating women

Fibroadenoma: a 22-year-old pregnant woman, presenting with a lump

Lactating adenoma, Radiology Reference Article

Lactational breast changes/lobular hyperplasia mimicking masses

Radiologic Evaluation of Breast Disorders Related to Pregnancy and

Breast Cancer During Pregnancy and Lactation

Lactating adenoma